Yes, but it doesn’t work the way you think.
You can file a separate bankruptcy on your own. It will only list your creditors, be under your social security number, and affect your credit.
However, if you two live together, we still need to include his income in your household income calculations. Additionally, you have a 50% equitable interest in any asset that you two have acquired since being married. So, if he is unemployed and you’ve only been married a year, then his income/assets are not really an issue. But, if he’s working, we need to count his income, which very well may disqualify your from a chapter 7. If you have been married for a substantial time but have kept your assets separate, I still need to include his assets in your personal property list.
For instance, let’s say you’ve been married 20 years, and you have kept all of your familial assets in his name. You only own a 2001 Dodge Neon in your name. I can protect that. On the other hand, he owns a fleet of restored muscle cars and a private Leer jet, all only in his name. I can’t protect those. Putting them all in his name over the years does nothing…you both were married when they were acquired, your income and efforts helped purchase them, and you own part of them.
Now, there are exceptions for inherited items, but when you file bankruptcy, we will generally have to include his income and assets.